Can a Smart Contract Be Designed to Be Upgradable despite Immutability?

Yes, smart contracts can be designed to be logically upgradable while maintaining the immutability of the underlying blockchain record. This is typically achieved using a "proxy pattern," where the main contract (the proxy) is immutable and holds the state, but delegates its logic execution to a separate "implementation" contract.

The logic contract can be replaced or upgraded, allowing for bug fixes or feature additions without losing the contract's history or state.