Compare Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Consensus Mechanisms.
PoW (used by Bitcoin) requires 'miners' to expend computational power to solve complex puzzles to validate blocks, which is energy-intensive. PoS (used by Ethereum 2.0) requires 'validators' to lock up (stake) their cryptocurrency to gain the right to validate blocks, which is more energy-efficient and scalable.