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Compare Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Consensus Mechanisms.

PoW (used by Bitcoin) requires 'miners' to expend computational power to solve complex puzzles to validate blocks, which is energy-intensive. PoS (used by Ethereum 2.0) requires 'validators' to lock up (stake) their cryptocurrency to gain the right to validate blocks, which is more energy-efficient and scalable.

How Does PoS Affect the Energy Consumption of a Network?
What Are the Primary Differences between Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) Consensus Mechanisms?
How Do PoS Systems Achieve Consensus without Energy-Intensive Mining?
What Is the Distinction between a Proof-of-Work and a Proof-of-Stake Cryptographic Proof System?