Define the Concept of a “Tail Risk” in the Context of Financial Derivatives.
Tail risk refers to the risk of an extremely unlikely but potentially catastrophic event occurring, causing a massive loss. In options, this corresponds to the underlying asset experiencing a sudden, huge move (a "fat tail" event) that pushes an out-of-the-money option deep into the money.
Derivatives traders often use options to hedge or speculate on these low-probability, high-impact events.