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Does Theta Decay Affect ITM Options Differently than OTM Options?

Yes, Theta decay affects them differently. For OTM options, Theta decay causes the entire premium to erode towards zero.

For ITM options, Theta decay causes the premium to erode towards its intrinsic value. While the absolute dollar decay may be highest for ATM/NTM options, the percentage decay is often highest for OTM options, as their value is 100% time value.

How Does the Premium Relate to the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Value of an Option?
What Happens to Extrinsic Value at Expiration?
How Does a Shorter Time to Expiration Affect the Premium Difference between ITM and OTM Options?
Why Does an ITM Option Have a Higher Premium Compared to an OTM Option with the Same Expiration?