How Can Cross-Chain Interoperability Complicate the Calculation of a Single Network’s PQ?

Cross-chain interoperability complicates the calculation of a single network's PQ because the value of services may originate on one chain but be settled or finalized on another. For example, a transaction initiated on a Layer 2 rollup may derive its final security value from the Layer 1 chain.

This makes it difficult to isolate and attribute the economic value (PQ) accurately to a single network without double-counting or undercounting the value derived from interconnected protocols.