How Did Ethereum’s EIP-1559 Change the Mechanism for Setting Transaction Fees (Gas Price)?

EIP-1559 introduced a base fee that is dynamically adjusted based on network congestion and is burned (destroyed) rather than paid to the miner/validator. Users can also include an optional "priority fee" (tip) to incentivize faster inclusion.

This change made transaction fees more predictable and reduced the incentive for miners to manipulate transaction ordering for MEV, as the base fee is burned.