How Do Cross-Chain Swaps Introduce Complexity to DEX Smart Contracts?

Cross-chain swaps allow users to trade assets between different blockchains (e.g. Ethereum and Bitcoin).

This introduces complexity because the smart contract must manage two separate, non-communicating ledger states. It typically requires intermediary mechanisms like atomic swaps (HTLCs), wrapped assets, or specialized bridge contracts to ensure the trade's atomicity and security, significantly increasing the code complexity and potential attack surface.