How Do Different Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms Influence Transaction Fees?

Proof-of-Work (PoW) mechanisms often lead to higher, more volatile fees due to competition for limited block space and higher energy costs. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanisms generally offer lower, more predictable fees by allowing faster block finality and often higher throughput.

Alternative mechanisms like sharding or directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) aim to reduce fees by increasing scalability.