How Do Different DEX Architectures (E.g. AMM Vs. Order Book) Affect Front-Running Vulnerability?

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are highly vulnerable to front-running, especially sandwich attacks, because the transaction's price impact is predictable based on the fixed formula and liquidity pool size. On-chain Order Book DEXs, while resembling CEXs, are less vulnerable to sandwich attacks but still susceptible to MEV front-running based on transaction ordering.

Off-chain order book models (like those using a relayer) reduce MEV by moving order matching off-chain, making transaction details private until execution.

Why Is a CEX Order Book Susceptible to Insider Trading Rather than External Front-Running?
How Does the “Front-Running” Issue Manifest Differently in AMMs versus CLOBs?
Can a Hybrid DEX Model Eliminate MEV Completely?
How Does the Risk of “Front-Running” Differ between LOBs and AMMs?
What Are the Key Differences between a Constant Product AMM and a Dynamic Order Book?
What Is “Miner Extractable Value” (MEV) and How Is It Related to Front-Running?
How Does an Off-Chain Relayer Model Manage the Security Risk of Centralized Matching?
How Does “Maximal Extractable Value” (MEV) Relate to Front-Running in DEX Transactions?

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