How Do Private Transaction Relays like Flashbots Mitigate MEV?

Private transaction relays, such as those provided by Flashbots, mitigate MEV by creating a confidential communication channel between a user and a block builder or validator. Instead of broadcasting the transaction to the public mempool, the user sends it privately to the relay.

This keeps the transaction details hidden from other potential front-runners until it is included in a block. This process prevents the information leakage necessary for sandwich attacks and other forms of MEV based on transaction visibility.