How Do “Sandwich Attacks” Differ from Simple Front-Running?

Simple front-running involves placing a single transaction (e.g. a buy) before a known target transaction to profit from the resulting price increase. A "sandwich attack" is a more sophisticated form of front-running involving two transactions.

The attacker places a buy order immediately before the target trade and a sell order immediately after it. This "sandwiches" the victim's trade, ensuring the attacker profits from both the price increase caused by their buy and the target's trade, and the subsequent price stabilization after their sell.