How Do Transaction Fees Differ between PoW and PoS Based Systems?

In Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems, transaction fees primarily compensate miners for the high energy and hardware costs associated with block creation. In Proof-of-Stake (PoS) systems, fees compensate validators for securing the network and their opportunity cost of staking capital.

While both systems use fees to prioritize transactions, PoS systems generally have lower overall operational costs, which can potentially translate to lower average transaction fees, especially during periods of low network congestion.