How Do Transaction Fees Typically Compare between Consortium and Public Blockchains?

Transaction fees on a consortium blockchain are typically much lower and often predictable, sometimes even non-existent for internal transactions. This is because there is no competition among miners or validators for block space, and the operating costs are shared among the consortium members.

Public blockchains, conversely, have variable and often high fees due to network congestion and the economic incentive required to reward decentralized miners/validators (gas fees).

How Does PoW’s Energy Consumption Compare to the Costs of Operating a Traditional Financial Clearinghouse?
Can a Transaction with a Lower Gas Fee Still Be Included before a Higher-Fee Transaction?
What Is the Opportunity Cost of Including a Zero-Fee Transaction in a Full Block?
What Is EIP-1559 and How Did It Change the Gas Fee Mechanism?
How Does EIP-1559 Relate to the Ethereum Fee Market?
How Do ‘Trading Costs’ within the ETF Differ from the Stated Expense Ratio?
How Does the Price of Electricity in Different Jurisdictions Create a Competitive Advantage for Miners?
In Options Trading, What Concept Is Analogous to the Competitive Bidding for Block Space in the Mempool?

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