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How Does a Blockchain Network Reach Consensus on the Outcome of a Smart Contract?

A blockchain network reaches consensus on the outcome of a smart contract through a consensus mechanism, such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) or Proof-of-Stake (PoS). When a smart contract is executed, the transaction is broadcast to the network.

Nodes (or validators) on the network independently execute the contract's code and compute the result. The consensus mechanism ensures that all honest nodes agree on the correct result and the new state of the blockchain.

This agreed-upon result is then added to a new block, making it a permanent and verifiable part of the ledger.

What Is the Difference between Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS)?
Can a 51% Attack Occur on a PoS Network, and How Would It Differ from a PoW Attack?
What Role Do Full Nodes Play in Validating and Preventing the Acceptance of a Malicious Re-Org?
How Does the Concept of ‘Consensus Mechanism’ Relate to Blockchain Security?