How Does a Constant Product Market Maker (CPMM) Model Create Arbitrage Opportunities?

A CPMM, like the one used by Uniswap V2, maintains a constant product x y = k, where x and y are the quantities of the two assets in the pool. When a trade occurs, the ratio of x and y changes, which in turn changes the asset price.

If a trade on the CPMM causes the price to deviate from the price on other exchanges, an arbitrage opportunity is created. Arbitrageurs exploit this temporary price difference to profit and bring the pool's price back in line with the broader market.

What Is the Difference between a Constant Product Market Maker and a Constant Sum Market Maker?
What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Constant Sum Formula versus a Constant Product Formula in an AMM?
What Are the Trade-Offs between a Constant Product Market Maker and a Constant Sum Market Maker (X+y=k)?
Explain the Role of “Arbitrageurs” in Keeping the AMM Price Aligned with Centralized Exchange Prices
What Are the Limitations of the Constant Product Formula in Terms of Capital Efficiency?
What Is the Formula for the Constant Product Market Maker (CPMM) and How Is It Exploited?
What Role Does the “K” Constant Play in the Constant Product Market Maker Formula?
How Does a Constant Product Market Maker (X Y=k) Formula Enforce Price Equilibrium?

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