How Does a Higher Difficulty Impact the Decentralization of Mining?
Higher difficulty generally leads to less decentralization. As the puzzle becomes harder, the computational power required increases, favoring large mining pools and specialized hardware (ASICs).
This drives out smaller, individual miners who cannot compete on efficiency. The concentration of hash power in fewer entities can increase the risk of a 51% attack.
Glossar
Large Mining Pools
Concentration ⎊ Large Mining Pools aggregate the hashing power contributed by numerous individual miners, creating a centralized point of control over block proposal selection and transaction ordering within the Proof of Work consensus.
Specialized Hardware
Architecture ⎊ Specialized hardware within cryptocurrency, options trading, and financial derivatives increasingly denotes custom-designed integrated circuits, often ASICs, optimized for specific cryptographic functions or computational tasks.