How Does a Network’s Congestion Level Affect the Block Confirmation Time?

High network congestion significantly increases the block confirmation time for transactions with standard fees. When the network is congested, the mempool fills up with pending transactions.

Validators can only include a limited number of transactions per block (based on the gas limit). This forces users to engage in a gas auction, and transactions with lower fees must wait longer, sometimes through multiple blocks, for confirmation, thus increasing the total confirmation time.

Does Sending a Transaction to a Private Mempool Guarantee Its Inclusion in the Next Block?
What Is a “Pro-Rata” Matching System and How Does It Differ from Price-Time Priority?
What Is the Role of a Transaction Mempool in Enabling Front-Running?
In a Congested Network, What Is “Transaction Latency” and Why Does It Increase?
How Can a Pool Operator’s Decision on Transaction Selection Affect Network Congestion?
What Is the Role of the “Mempool” in Facilitating Front-Running Attacks?
What Is the Relationship between Network Congestion and Gas Price?
How Does the Block Time of a PoW Chain Affect Its Transaction Speed?

Glossar