How Does a Network’s Decentralization Level Affect Its Resistance to a 51% Attack?

A highly decentralized network, where the hash rate is distributed among many independent miners across various geographic and political jurisdictions, is far more resistant to a 51% attack. Centralization, such as a few mining pools controlling a majority of the hash rate, makes the network vulnerable.

In a decentralized system, coordinating 51% of the hash power would require collusion among a vast number of independent actors, which is practically impossible.