How Does a Network’s Throughput (Transactions per Second) Relate to Front-Running?

A network's throughput, or transactions per second (TPS), is inversely related to the likelihood of front-running. Higher TPS means the network can process a larger volume of transactions quickly, clearing the mempool faster.

This reduces the time a profitable transaction spends waiting in the public mempool, thus narrowing the window of opportunity for front-running bots to detect and execute a preemptive trade. Low TPS, conversely, leads to congestion and a larger front-running window.