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How Does a PoS System Recover from a Situation Where Finality Is Not Achieved?

The "inactivity leak" gradually penalizes non-participating validators until the active, honest ones regain the two-thirds finality threshold.
Greeks.Live04.11.25

How Does a PoS System Recover from a Situation Where Finality Is Not Achieved?

If the network fails to achieve the two-thirds supermajority required for finality, the chain enters a "non-finalizing" state. Ethereum uses an "inactivity leak" mechanism to recover.

This mechanism gradually reduces the stake of validators who are offline or not attesting. This process eventually causes the non-participating validators to fall below the two-thirds threshold, allowing the remaining, honest, and active validators to regain the supermajority and resume finalization.

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