How Does a Proof of Stake (PoS) Consensus Mechanism Differ from a Proof of Work (PoW) System?

PoW relies on miners solving complex computational puzzles to validate transactions and secure the network. PoS, conversely, requires validators to lock up (stake) their own cryptocurrency.

PoS is generally considered more energy-efficient and scalable than PoW. Security in PoS relies on the economic penalty (slashing) for malicious behavior, while PoW relies on the cost of computing power.