How Does a Zero-Fee Transaction Affect the Profitability of a Mining Pool?

A zero-fee transaction slightly reduces the profitability of a mining pool compared to including a fee-paying transaction of the same size. Since block space is limited, including a zero-fee transaction means forgoing the potential revenue from a transaction that would have paid a fee.

While the impact of one zero-fee transaction is minimal, a pattern of including them would reduce the pool's overall revenue and competitiveness.

How Do Layer 2 Solutions like the Lightning Network Address Block Space Limitations?
How Does Block Size Limit Affect the Confirmation Chances of a Zero-Fee Transaction?
What Is the Role of a ‘Mining Pool’ in Decentralized Networks?
Has a SHA-256 Collision Ever Been Found?
How Does Block Space Availability Directly Influence the Miner’s Zero-Fee Decision?
Can a Miner Be Penalized for Including a Zero-Fee Transaction?
Why Is the Collar Strategy Considered a Limited-Risk, Limited-Reward Structure?
Have There Been Any Notable Shifts in Investor Behavior in the DeFi Space as a Result of Rug Pulls?

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