How Does EIP-1559 Affect the Predictability of Gas Fees for Smart Contract Execution?

EIP-1559 introduced a 'base fee' that is algorithmically adjusted based on network congestion, making transaction costs more predictable than the previous auction-style system. It also allows users to specify a 'priority fee' (tip) to incentivize miners.

The base fee is burned, which adds a deflationary element. This change helps users estimate transaction costs more accurately, which is vital for complex smart contract interactions.