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How Does EIP-1559 Relate to the Ethereum Fee Market?

EIP-1559 reformed the Ethereum fee market by introducing a 'base fee' that is burned and automatically adjusts based on network congestion. Users also pay an optional 'priority fee' (or 'tip') to miners for faster inclusion.

This makes fee estimation more predictable and reduces the volatility of transaction costs compared to the previous simple auction system.

How Did Ethereum’s EIP-1559 Change the Transaction Fee Mechanism?
What Is EIP-1559 and How Did It Change the Gas Fee Mechanism?
What Is the Economic Effect of ‘Burning’ the Base Fee?
How Does EIP-1559 Change the Way Transaction Fees and Prioritization Work on Ethereum?