How Does ‘Finality’ Address the Double-Spending Problem in Proof-of-Stake?

Finality in PoS means that once a block is finalized (usually by a supermajority of staked validators), it is irreversible and cannot be reverted or changed. This provides a strong guarantee against double-spending because the attacker cannot create a longer, alternative chain to reverse a transaction.

Once finalized, the transaction is permanently recorded, unlike the probabilistic finality in PoW.

Explain the Concept of “Proof-of-Stake” (PoS) Consensus Mechanism
How Does the ‘Supermajority’ Concept Work in PoS Finality?
How Does Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Attempt to Solve the Double-Spending Problem Differently than Proof-of-Work (PoW)?
How Do “Finality Gadgets” in PoS Systems Serve a Similar Function to Checkpoints?
How Does the Concept of “Epoch” Relate to PoS Finality?
How Do Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Systems Achieve Economic Finality Differently than PoW Systems?
Does Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Achieve Finality Differently than PoW?
What Is the “Supermajority” Requirement in Most PoS Systems and Why Is It Used?

Glossar