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How Does ‘Nakamoto Consensus’ Relate to the 51% Attack?

Nakamoto Consensus, the PoW mechanism used by Bitcoin, relies on the assumption that the majority of participants are honest and will follow the 'longest chain rule.' The 51% attack is the theoretical breakdown of this consensus, where a single entity can overpower the honest majority and dictate the chain's history.

Is It Easier to Perform a 51% Attack on a Proof of Stake or a Proof of Work Network?
How Does the Assumption of a Lognormal Distribution of Stock Prices Affect the Model’s Accuracy?
How Does Network Congestion (E.g. High Gas Fees) Invalidate the Utility Assumption of Metcalfe’s Law?
Are Proof of Stake Networks Also Vulnerable to Majority Attacks?