How Does ‘Nakamoto Consensus’ Relate to the 51% Attack?

Nakamoto Consensus, the PoW mechanism used by Bitcoin, relies on the assumption that the majority of participants are honest and will follow the 'longest chain rule.' The 51% attack is the theoretical breakdown of this consensus, where a single entity can overpower the honest majority and dictate the chain's history.

Explain the Concept of “Staking” as a Mechanism to Incentivize Honest Oracle Behavior
How Does the Economic Incentive of Block Rewards Align with ‘Honest’ Mining Behavior?
Is It Easier to Perform a 51% Attack on a Proof of Stake or a Proof of Work Network?
In Both Cases, Who Is the Party That Assumes the Risk?
What Is the Concept of “Nakamoto Consensus”?
How Does the Liquidation Period Assumption Affect the Size of the Initial Margin?
How Do “Fraud Proofs” Work and What Are Their Limitations?
What Are the Trade-Offs of Using Quadratic Voting for Proposal Funding versus Simple Majority Voting?