How Does Network Congestion Affect Transaction Processing Time?

Network congestion directly increases transaction processing time for those who do not bid a high enough fee. When the network is busy, miners prioritize transactions offering the highest gas price, leaving lower-fee transactions to wait.

This delay can be indefinite until the congestion subsides or the user increases their fee.

Can a Zero-Fee Transaction Still Be Confirmed on a Congested Network?
How Does High Network Congestion Affect the Profitability of Smaller-Scale Miners?
How Does the Inclusion of “Zero-Fee” Transactions Affect the Overall Fee Market?
What Is the Economic Rationale for a Miner to Always Prioritize Fee-Paying Transactions?
How Do Transaction Fees Change Based on Network Congestion and Block Space?
How Does a Miner Select Which Transactions to Include in a Block?
How Do Miners Prioritize Transactions with the Same Nonce but Different Gas Prices?
How Does Network Congestion Affect Gas Fees for Smart Contract Execution?

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