How Does Network Latency Affect the Profitability Threshold for Selfish Mining?

Higher network latency increases the profitability of selfish mining and lowers the required hashrate threshold. Latency allows the selfish miner more time to extend their private chain before the honest network learns of a newly found block.

If block propagation is slow, the selfish miner's secret chain has a greater chance of becoming the longest chain when revealed. Faster block propagation makes the attack harder to execute effectively, pushing the required hashrate closer to 33%.