How Does RBF Influence the Security of Zero-Confirmation Transactions?
RBF significantly reduces the security of zero-confirmation (0-conf) transactions, which are transactions not yet included in a block. With RBF, a sender can easily double-spend by broadcasting the original 0-conf transaction and then immediately replacing it with a conflicting transaction that pays the funds back to the sender, with a higher fee.
Merchants accepting 0-conf payments are therefore at a higher risk of fraud if the transaction was flagged as RBF-enabled.
Glossar
Zero-Confirmation
Risk ⎊ Accepting a transaction before it is included in a confirmed block exposes the recipient to the immediate risk of transaction reversal via a chain reorganization.
RBF
Policy ⎊ RBF (Replace-by-Fee) is a protocol feature that allows a user to replace an unconfirmed transaction in the mempool with a new transaction that includes a higher transaction fee.