How Does Sharding Compare to Layer 2 Solutions in Addressing Blockchain Scalability?

Sharding is a Layer 1 scaling solution that divides the main blockchain into smaller, more manageable partitions called 'shards,' allowing parallel processing of transactions. Layer 2 solutions, conversely, are external protocols that handle transactions off-chain and periodically post proofs or summaries back to the Layer 1 chain.

Sharding aims to increase the base throughput of the main chain itself, while Layer 2 solutions offload the work entirely. They are often seen as complementary rather than competing approaches.

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How Does ‘Data Availability’ Relate to the Security of Both Sharding and Layer 2 Rollups?
What Is the Main Security Challenge Introduced by Sharding a Blockchain?
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How Does ‘Sharding’ Address the Block Size Limitation Problem?
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