How Does Sharding Conceptually Increase the Transaction Throughput of a Blockchain?

Sharding involves splitting the blockchain's state and history into smaller, manageable partitions called "shards." Each shard processes its own set of transactions and maintains its own state. By parallelizing transaction processing across multiple shards, the network can handle a much greater volume of transactions simultaneously.

This effectively increases the total network capacity without requiring every node to process every transaction.