How Does the Block Time of a Blockchain Directly Influence Minimum Transaction Latency?

The block time sets the fundamental minimum latency for any transaction. Since a transaction cannot be confirmed until the next block is produced, the block time dictates the fastest possible confirmation speed.

For example, a 12-second block time means the absolute minimum latency is 12 seconds. Actual latency is often higher due to mempool waiting times, but the block time is the theoretical floor.