How Does the Blockchain Ensure the Atomicity of a Complex Transaction?

The blockchain ensures atomicity by processing all steps of a complex transaction as a single, indivisible unit within a single block. If any step of the transaction (e.g. checking collateral, transferring asset, recording payment) fails, the entire transaction is reverted, and no state changes are recorded.

This mechanism is inherent to the blockchain's transaction model, guaranteeing the "all or nothing" principle.