How Does the Concept of a “Key” Differ between Asymmetric Encryption and Hashing?

In asymmetric encryption, a "key" is a cryptographic value (a public-private pair) used to encrypt and decrypt data. The public key encrypts, and the private key decrypts.

In hashing, there is no "key" in the same sense. The hash function itself is the algorithm, and the output is generated deterministically from the input data alone, without a secret key to reverse the process.

Hashing is a keyless, one-way transformation.