How Does the Concept of ‘Difficulty’ Protect a PoW Network?

Mining difficulty is an adjustable parameter in a Proof-of-Work system that determines how hard it is to find a valid block hash. It is designed to keep the average block time consistent, regardless of the total network hashrate.

By increasing the difficulty as hashrate rises, the network ensures that an attacker must expend more computational effort and time to successfully mine blocks. This rising cost and effort acts as a significant economic deterrent against malicious activity like 51% attacks.

The difficulty adjustment mechanism is central to PoW security.

How Does the Total Hashrate of a Network Influence Its Perceived Security Level?
Explain the Role of the Nonce in the PoW Difficulty Mechanism.
What Is the Relationship between the Hash Rate and the Difficulty of Mining a Cryptocurrency?
How Often Does Bitcoin Adjust Its Mining Difficulty?
How Is the ‘Difficulty’ of a Cryptocurrency Network Adjusted over Time?
How Does the Capital Cost of a PoS Attack Compare to the Operational Cost of a PoW Attack?
How Does the “Difficulty Adjustment” Mechanism Protect the Blockchain from Rapid Hash Rate Fluctuations?
Compare the Capital Cost of a PoS Attack to the Energy Cost of a PoW Attack

Glossar