How Does the Cost of a 51 Percent Attack Relate to the Network’s Market Capitalization?

The cost of a 51 percent attack is generally proportional to the network's market capitalization, particularly in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) systems. In PoS, an attacker needs to acquire over 51 percent of the staked coins, which is a direct, massive capital expenditure.

In Proof-of-Work (PoW), the cost is related to renting or acquiring the necessary mining hardware and electricity, which is often correlated with the coin's value. A higher market cap usually means a higher cost to acquire control, thus making the network more secure.