How Does the Difficulty Adjustment Mechanism Affect the Attack Cost over Time?

The difficulty adjustment mechanism is designed to stabilize the block time. If an attacker suddenly introduces a massive amount of rented hash rate, blocks will be found much faster.

The network will then rapidly increase the difficulty, making the attack proportionally more expensive to sustain over a longer period. This mechanism effectively raises the long-term cost of a sustained 51% attack, protecting the network.

Why Is the Cost of Re-Mining an Entire Chain Prohibitive for an Attacker?
Explain the Concept of a “51% Attack” in the Context of Network Hash Rate
How Does a Sudden Drop in Hash Rate Affect a PoW Chain’s Security?
What Is a “Hash Rate” and How Does It Affect the Difficulty Target?
How Does the Derivative Market for Hash Rate Futures Potentially Affect the Cost of Attack?
How Does the Difficulty Adjustment Mechanism Respond to Changes in Total Network Hash Rate?
How Does ‘Difficulty Adjustment’ Relate to 51% Attack Cost?
How Do Institutional Risk Management Strategies Influence Their Psychological Response to a Market Downturn?

Glossar