How Does the Reliance on L2 Solutions Affect the Decentralization of the Base Layer?

Reliance on L2 solutions can be seen as a trade-off. While L2s improve the base layer's scalability and usability, they shift some of the activity and control to a smaller set of L2 operators (sequencers or validators).

If the L2 operators become centralized, the base layer's decentralization is weakened, as users are funneled through a few choke points. The base layer must remain highly decentralized and secure to ensure that users can always exit the L2 trustlessly.

How Does Staking by Node Operators Secure a Decentralized Oracle Network?
What Is ‘Miner Centralization’ in PoW and How Does It Compare to ‘Validator Centralization’ in PoS?
How Does a Pool’s Payout Scheme Affect Miner Loyalty and Centralization?
How Does the Secondary Market for ASICs Contribute to the Decentralization or Centralization Debate?
Why Does the MEV Supply Chain Lead to Centralization Concerns?
How Does the Centralization Risk in PoS Staking Pools Affect Its Network Effect?
What Is the Concept of ‘Miner Centralization’ and Its Risk to PoW Security?
How Does Chainlink Ensure the Quality and Reliability of Its Node Operators?

Glossar