How Has Ethereum’s EIP-1559 Changed the Dynamics of Gas Fee Bidding?

EIP-1559 introduced a mechanism where a portion of the gas fee, the 'base fee,' is algorithmically determined and burned instead of going to the validator. Users also pay an optional 'priority fee' or 'tip' to the validator for faster inclusion.

This change made transaction costs more predictable and reduced the incentive for validators to arbitrarily reorder transactions solely based on high gas bids, though front-runners still compete via the priority fee.