How Is the Nonce Related to the Block Timestamp?

The block timestamp is a time-sensitive value in the block header that is updated approximately every second by miners. When a miner exhausts the available nonce space (e.g.

4 billion attempts) without finding a valid hash, they will update the timestamp to change the block header data slightly. This change opens up a completely new set of nonce possibilities for hashing attempts.

What Is the Maximum Number of Nonces a Miner Can Test in a Single Block Header?
What Is “Extranonce” and Why Is It Necessary in Bitcoin Mining?
What Is a “Transaction Nonce” and How Does It Differ from a Mining Nonce?
If the Nonce Space Is Exhausted, What Is the Miner’s Next Step?
What Specific Data Must a Miner Include in the Block Header of a PoA Template?
What Is the Role of the “Nonce” in the Proof-of-Work Hashing Process?
Does the Timestamp Affect the Hash of the Merkle Root?
What Are the Main Components of a Typical Block Header?

Glossar