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How Is the “Settlement Price” for a Crypto Derivative Determined at Expiry?

The settlement price is the final price of the underlying asset used to calculate the payout of the derivative contract. It is typically determined by an oracle network, often using a Time-Weighted Average Price (TWAP) calculated over a specific window just before expiration.

This method prevents last-minute market manipulation, ensuring a fair and robust final price for settlement.

What Is a “Time-Weighted Average Price” (TWAP) Oracle?
What Is the Role of Liquidity in the Manipulation of a TWAP Oracle?
What Are the Primary Vulnerabilities of Using a TWAP Oracle in a DeFi Protocol?
What Mechanisms Can Be Used to Mitigate the Risk of Prolonged Price Manipulation in a TWAP Oracle?