How Is the Total Network Hash Rate Estimated by Blockchain Observers?

The total network hash rate is estimated indirectly by observing the rate at which new blocks are found and comparing it to the current mining difficulty. Since the protocol adjusts difficulty to target a specific block time (e.g.

10 minutes), if blocks are found faster, it is inferred that the hash rate has increased. Observers use the difficulty and the time elapsed between blocks to back-calculate the approximate total computational power currently securing the network.

How Is the “Target Hash” Calculated from the Difficulty Setting?
How Does a Decrease in Network Hash Rate Affect the Difficulty?
How Does Increased Network Difficulty Impact a Mining Pool’s Profitability?
How Is the Total Value of Network Services (PQ) Estimated for a Layer 1 Blockchain?
How Does a Sudden, Massive Increase in Hash Rate Affect the Immediate Block Discovery Time?
How Does the Pool Difficulty Setting Relate to the Network Difficulty?
What Is the Relationship between Network Hash Rate and Mining Difficulty Adjustments?
How Does the “Difficulty Adjustment” Mechanism Protect the Blockchain from Rapid Hash Rate Fluctuations?

Glossar