What Are Some Key Characteristics That Demonstrate a Network Is “Functional”?

A network is typically deemed "functional" when its core product or service is live, usable, and has achieved a level of decentralization where its continued operation and success are not solely reliant on the founding team. Key characteristics include: the token being actively used for its intended utility (e.g. paying transaction fees or accessing services), a significant number of independent third-party developers contributing, and the founding team's control over the network's governance being diminished or eliminated.

A high volume of consumptive use is a strong indicator.

What Role Does the “Minimum Viable Product” (MVP) Play in Whitepaper Credibility?
How Do Governance Tokens Fit into the Decentralization Argument?
How Can a DAO Demonstrate “Sufficient Decentralization” to Regulators?
How Does the SAFT Model Attempt to Satisfy the “Functional Network” Test?
How Does Network Congestion (E.g. High Gas Fees) Invalidate the Utility Assumption of Metcalfe’s Law?
Which of the Four Howey Test Prongs Is Most Debated for Utility Tokens?
What Is the Legal Difference between a “Pre-Functional” Token and a “Consumptive Use” Token?
How Does the Concept of a “Pre-Functional” Token Complicate the Utility Vs. Security Distinction?

Glossar