What Are the Scalability Limitations of the Proof-of-Activity Consensus Model?

The scalability of Proof-of-Activity is limited by its two-step validation process. The need for both mining and validator signing can increase the time it takes to confirm a block, which can lead to lower transaction throughput compared to some other consensus mechanisms.

The number of validators and the time it takes for them to reach a consensus can also be a bottleneck. While PoA is generally considered to be more scalable than pure PoW, it may not be as scalable as some of the newer PoS-based models that are designed for high-throughput applications.