What Consensus Mechanisms Are Inherently More Resistant to Hashrate-Based Attacks?

Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanisms are inherently resistant to hashrate-based attacks because security is based on staked capital, not computational power. An attacker would need to acquire 51% of the total staked tokens, which is often prohibitively expensive and highly visible.

Other variations like Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) or Proof-of-Authority (PoA) also bypass the hashrate vulnerability. The security of PoS is tied to economic ownership, not rented computation.