What Infrastructure Costs Must a Mining Pool Operator Cover with Their Fees?

The primary costs include server hardware and maintenance for distributing work and collecting shares. High-speed, reliable internet connectivity is crucial to minimize latency and ensure timely block submission.

Security measures, such as DDoS protection and robust wallet security, are necessary to protect assets and service uptime. Software development and maintenance for the pool's proprietary mining software and user interface also represent significant ongoing expenses.