What Is a ‘Market Maker’ and How Does It Differ from an HFT Arbitrageur?

A market maker provides liquidity by simultaneously placing both buy (bid) and sell (ask) limit orders. They profit from the bid-ask spread.

An HFT arbitrageur, in this context, is a 'taker' who exploits mispricing between markets or assets. While some HFT firms act as both, a pure arbitrageur seeks risk-free profit from price differences, whereas a market maker takes on inventory risk for the spread.

Arbitrage enhances efficiency; market making provides liquidity.

How Do Arbitrageurs Exploit Price Discrepancies between OTC and Exchange Markets?
How Do Market Makers Address Low Liquidity?
What Is the Role of a Market Maker in Maintaining the Bid-Offer Spread?
How Do Arbitrageurs Exploit Basis Risk in Futures Trading?
How Does Arbitrage Help to Minimize Basis Risk in Futures Markets?
Can an Arbitrageur Profit from Mispricing across Futures Contracts of Different Maturities?
Explain the Difference between a Designated Market Maker and an Independent Liquidity Provider
What Is ‘Inventory Risk’ for a Market Maker?

Glossar