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What Is “EIP-1559” and How Did It Change Ethereum’s Gas Mechanism?

EIP-1559 (Ethereum Improvement Proposal) is a protocol upgrade that fundamentally changed how transaction fees are calculated. It introduced a base fee that is burned (destroyed) instead of going to miners, and an optional "priority fee" (tip) that goes to the miner.

This made gas fees more predictable and reduced the total supply of Ethereum (ETH) over time, a process known as deflationary pressure.

What Is EIP-1559 and How Did It Change the Gas Fee Mechanism?
How Does the EIP-1559 Upgrade Affect Ethereum’s Gas Fee Structure?
How Does the “Base Fee” and “Priority Fee” System Work under EIP-1559?
How Does the ‘EIP-1559’ Upgrade Affect Ethereum’s Transaction Fee Structure?