What Is “Payment for Order Flow” (PFOF) in the Context of Options Trading?

Payment for Order Flow (PFOF) is a practice where a retail brokerage receives compensation from a market maker for directing customer trade orders to them for execution. The market maker is willing to pay for this order flow because they can profit from the bid-ask spread by executing the trade.

PFOF is a significant revenue source for many commission-free brokerages, but critics argue it creates a conflict of interest, as the broker's incentive may not align with securing the best possible execution price for the client.

How Do Brokerages Offering “Commission-Free” Options Trading Generate Revenue?
What Is the Primary Role of a ‘Market Maker’ in Reducing the Bid-Ask Spread?
Why Do Market Makers Prefer to Trade at the Bid or Ask Rather than the Mid-Price?
How Do Retail Brokers Profit from Routing Orders to Different Venues?
How Does Front-Running Risk Affect the Bid-Ask Spread for Crypto Derivatives?
How Does the Presence of “Market Makers” Influence the Bid-Ask Spread?
What Is the Difference between Market Orders and Limit Orders in the Context of the Spread?
How Does a Market Maker Profit from the Bid-Ask Spread While Gamma Hedging?

Glossar