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What Is “Replay Protection” and Why Is It Essential after a Hard Fork?

Replay protection is a mechanism implemented after a hard fork to prevent a transaction valid on one chain from being re-broadcasted and validated on the other chain (a "replay attack"). It is essential because without it, an attacker could spend their coins on one chain and have the exact same transaction executed on the other chain, effectively double-spending their funds across the two networks.

How Does a Proof-of-Work (PoW) Consensus Mechanism Prevent Double-Spending?
What Is the Difference between “Soft Forks” and “Hard Forks” in Blockchain Governance?
How Does a Hard Fork Differ from a Soft Fork in Terms of Network Consensus?
What Is a “Fork” in Blockchain Terminology?